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Java中List最重要的特性

作者:课课家教育     来源: http://www.kokojia.com点击数:782发布时间: 2016-02-22 10:37:32

标签: Java对象Java编程零基础学习Java

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  List(接口) 顺序是List最重要的特性;它可保证元素按照规定的顺序排列。List为Collection添加了大量方法,以便我们在List中部插入和删除元素(只推荐对LinkedList这样做)。List也会生成一个ListIterator(列表反复器),利用它可在一个列表里朝两个方向遍历,同时插入和删除位于列表中部的元素(同样地,只建议对LinkedList这样做)

  ArrayList* 由一个数组后推得到的List。作为一个常规用途的对象容器使用,用于替换原先的Vector。允许我们快速访问元素,但在从列表中部插入和删除元素时,速度却嫌稍慢。一般只应该用ListIterator对一个ArrayList进行向前和向后遍历,不要用它删除和插入元素;与LinkedList相比,它的效率要低许多

  LinkedList 提供优化的顺序访问性能,同时可以高效率地在列表中部进行插入和删除操作。但在进行随机访问时,速度却相当慢,此时应换用ArrayList。也提供了addFirst(),addLast(),getFirst(),gETLast(),removeFirst()以及removeLast()(未在任何接口或基础类中定义),以便将其作为一个规格、队列以及一个双向队列使用。

Java中List最重要的特性_Java对象_Java编程_课课家

  下面这个例子中的方法每个都覆盖了一组不同的行为:每个列表都能做的事情(basicTest()),通过一个反复器遍历(iterMotion())、用一个反复器改变某些东西(iterManipulation())、体验列表处理的效果(testVisual())以及只有LinkedList才能做的事情等:

  //: List1.java

  // Things you can do with Lists

  package c08.newcollections;

  import java.util.*;

  public class List1 {

  // Wrap Collection1.fill() for convenience:

  public static List fill(List a) {

  return (List)Collection1.fill(a);

  }

  // You can use an Iterator, just as with a

  // Collection, but you can also use random

  // Access with get():

  public static void print(List a) {

  for(int i = 0; i < a.size(); i++)

  System.out.print(a.get(i) + " ");

  System.out.println();

  }

  static boolean b;

  static Object o;

  static int i;

  static Iterator it;

  static ListIterator lit;

  public static void basicTest(List a) {

  a.add(1, "x"); // Add at location 1

  a.add("x"); // Add at end

  // Add a collection:

  a.addAll(fill(new ArrayList()));

  // Add a collection starting at location 3:

  a.addAll(3, fill(new ArrayList()));

  b = a.contains("1"); // Is it in there

  // Is the entire collection in there

  b = a.containsAll(fill(new ArrayList()));

  // Lists allow random access, which is cheap

  // for ArrayList, expensive for LinkedList:

  o = a.get(1); // Get object at location 1

  i = a.indexOf("1"); // Tell index of object

  // indexOf, starting search at location 2:

  i = a.indexOf("1", 2);

  b = a.iSEMpty(); // Any elements inside

  it = a.iterator(); // Ordinary Iterator

  lit = a.listIterator(); // ListIterator

  lit = a.listIterator(3); // Start at loc 3

  i = a.lastIndexOf("1"); // Last match

  i = a.lastIndexOf("1", 2); // ...after loc 2

  a.remove(1); // Remove location 1

  a.remove("3"); // Remove this object

  a.set(1, "y"); // Set location 1 to "y"

  // Keep everything that's in the argument

  // (the intersection of the two sets):

  a.retainAll(fill(new ArrayList()));

  // Remove elements in this range:

  a.removeRange(0, 2);

  // Remove everything that's in the argument:

  a.removeAll(fill(new ArrayList()));

  i = a.size(); // How big is it

  a.clear(); // Remove all elements

  }

  public static void iterMotion(List a) {

  ListIterator it = a.listIterator();

  b = it.hasNext();

  b = it.hasPrevious();

  o = it.next();

  i = it.nextIndex();

  o = it.previous();

  i = it.previousIndex();

  }

  public static void iterManipulation(List a) {

  ListIterator it = a.listIterator();

  it.add("47");

  // Must move to an element after add():

  it.next();

  // Remove the element that was just produced:

  it.remove();

  // Must move to an element after remove():

  it.next();

  // Change the element that was just produced:

  it.set("47");

  }

  public static void testVisual(List a) {

  print(a);

  List b = new ArrayList();

  fill(b);

  System.out.print("b = ");

  print(b);

  a.addAll(b);

  a.addAll(fill(new ArrayList()));

  print(a);

  // Shrink the list by removing all the

  // elements beyond the first 1/2 of the list

  System.out.println(a.size());

  System.out.println(a.size()/2);

  a.removeRange(a.size()/2, a.size()/2 + 2);

  print(a);

  // Insert, remove, and replace elements

  // using a ListIterator:

  ListIterator x = a.listIterator(a.size()/2);

  x.add("one");

  print(a);

  System.out.println(x.next());

  x.remove();

  System.out.println(x.next());

  x.set("47");

  print(a);

  // Traverse the list backwards:

  x = a.listIterator(a.size());

  while(x.hasPrevious())

  System.out.print(x.previous() + " ");

  System.out.println();

  System.out.println("testVisual finished");

  }

  // There are some things that only

  // LinkedLists can do:

  public static void testLinkedList() {

  LinkedList ll = new LinkedList();

  Collection1.fill(ll, 5);

  print(ll);

  // Treat it like a stack, pushing:

  ll.addFirst("one");

  ll.addFirst("two");

  print(ll);

  // Like "peeking" at the top of a stack:

  System.out.println(ll.getFirst());

  // Like popping a stack:

  System.out.println(ll.removeFirst());

  System.out.println(ll.removeFirst());

  // Treat it like a queue, pulling elements

  // off the tail end:

  System.out.println(ll.removeLast());

  // With the above operations, it's a dequeue!

  print(ll);

  }

  public static void main(String args[]) {

  // Make and fill a new list each time:

  basicTest(fill(new LinkedList()));

  basicTest(fill(new ArrayList()));

  iterMotion(fill(new LinkedList()));

  iterMotion(fill(new ArrayList()));

  iterManipulation(fill(new LinkedList()));

  iterManipulation(fill(new ArrayList()));

  testVisual(fill(new LinkedList()));

  testLinkedList();

  }

  } ///:~

  在basicTest()和iterMotiion()中,只是简单地发出调用,以便揭示出正确的语法。而且尽管捕获了返回值,但是并未使用它。在某些情况下,之所以不捕获返回值,是由于它们没有什么特别的用处。在正式使用它们前,应仔细研究一下自己的联机文档,掌握这些方法完整、正确的用法。

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